Skip to main content

Devices used in each layer of OSI Model

Pic: Wikipedia

 1.Physical Layer- Bits: Hubs, Repeaters, Fibers, Cables, Microwave, Radio, etc.
2.Data Link Layer- Frames: Bridges, 2-Layer Switches, Ethernet, WiFi AP's

3.Network Layer- Packets: Routers, 3-Layer Switches.

4.Transport Layer- Segments: Load Balancers/Firewalls.

5.Session Layer- Data: Load Balancers/Firewalls/Computers.

6.Presentation Layer- Data: Load Balancers/Firewalls/Computers.

7.Application Layer- Data: Load Balancers/Firewalls/Computers.
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Configuring 2 backend servers and a load balancer with HAProxy

A load balancer is a device that distributes the traffic across a cluster of servers. In computing, load balancing improves the distribution of workloads across multiple computing resources, such as computers, a computer cluster, network links, central processing units, or disk drives.As a result, it improves responsiveness and increases the availability of applications.  For load balancing, we need to install LAMP server on backend servers and HAProxy on the load balancer. HAProxy is a free, open source software that provides a high availability load balancer and proxy server for TCP and HTTP based applications that spread requests across multiple servers. Here we will make two backend servers and one load balancer. At two backend servers enter the following commands— $sudo apt-get install apache2 $sudo apt-get install mysql-server $sudo apt-get install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql $sudo gedit /var/www/html/index.html (Mak...
Post a Comment
Read more

Packet capturing of different protocols using Wireshark

Wireshark is the world’s foremost and widely-used network protocol analyzer . It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. It is a free and an open-source packet analyzer.It is cross-platform. To trace the packets first of all download and install Wireshark in the windows operating system. Open Wireshark and then choose the interface. 1.Tracking FTP Packets Step 1:   $sudo apt-get install vsftpd  command on Ubuntu terminal Step 2: Start Wireshark and open command prompt in windows. In the command prompt enter the IP address of Ubuntu Machine. It asks for username and password authentication for the Ubuntu  machine. Step 3 : Start capturing by clicking the green button in Wireshark.   Step 4: In the filter of Wireshark ,  enter ftp followed by IP address to track. Step 5 : Press the red button to stop capturing. ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Fundamental Concepts of Arrays

  An   array   is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in   contiguous memory cells . It has a   fixed size   and is by default   passed by reference   to a function.  Eg. int arr[6] = {4, -3, 8, 5, -1, 6}; It initializes an integer array 'arr' storing 6 elements.  Assuming the size of an integer to be 4 bytes and base cell address to be 2000. It can be represented as -  A  dynamic array  is similar to a static array but it has the ability to  automatically resize  itself when an element is inserted or deleted.  They are available as  vectors in C++  and likewise l ists in Java .  Eg. list<int> l;      vector<int> v; Vectors are slightly less efficient than static arrays due to the occasional resizing and copying of elements.   The amortized time complexity of insertion in a dynamic array is O(1).  [Amortized Time complexity ...
Post a Comment
Read more